Occipital bone modeling patterns in modern humans and its application in human evolution
Cristina Lozano-Bendicho, Ángeles Sánchez-Andrés, Ignacio Martínez, Mercedes Conde-Valverde, JoséMiguel Carretero, Laura Rodríguez, Nico Cirotto, Rebeca García-González
Supplementary material · ESHE 2026 – P198
References
Knickmeyer, R.C., Gouttard, S., Kang, C., Evans, D., Wilber, K., Smith, J.K. et al., 2008. A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 12176–12182. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3479- 08.2008
Kranioti, E.F., Rosas, A., García-Vargas, S., Estalrrich, A., Bastir, M. & Peña-Melián, Á., 2009. Remodeling patterns of occipital growth: a preliminary report. The Anatomical Record, 292, 1764–1770. doi:10.1002/ar. 20997.
Lozano-Bendicho, C., Sánchez-Andrés, Á., Martínez, I., Conde-Valverde, M., Carretero, J.-M., Rodríguez, L. et al., 2025. Occipital bone modeling patterns during the first years of life: A preliminary histological and quantitative approach. Journal of Anatomy, 247, 885–896. doi:10.1111/joa.14206
Mowbray, K., 2005. Surface bone histology of the occipital bone in humans and chimpanzees. The
Anatomical Record. Part B, New Anatomist, 283B, 14–22. doi:10.1002/ar.b. 20055.
Schuh, A., Gunz, P., Kupczik, K., Hublin, J.J., and Freidline, S.E., 2021. Quantifying Maxillary Development in Chimpanzees and Humans: An Analysis of Prognathism and Orthognathism at the Morphological and Microscopic Scales., Journal of Human Evolution 157. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103031.
Schuh, A., Gunz, P., Villa, C., Maureille, B., Toussaint, M., Abrams, G., Hublin, J.J., and Freidline, S.E., 2025. Human Midfacial Growth Pattern Differs from that of Neanderthals and Chimpanzees, Journal of Human Evolution 202. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103667.
Rosas, A., Rios, L., Estalrrich, A., Liversidge, H., Garcia-Tabernero, A., Huguet, R., Cardoso, H., et al. 2017. The Growth Pattern of Neandertals, Reconstructed from a Juvenile Skeleton from El Sidrón (Spain). Science 357. doi:10.1126/science.aan6463